2005 Symposium on Undergraduate Scholarship Presentations

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Poster Presentation
A Kinship Care Program for Child Protective Service Agencies
Christine R. Cole Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	During my experience as a child welfare caseworker at Franklin County Children Services and as a social work student, I have found that there is a need for further resources for kinship care providers. I will discuss some of the past, present, and future directions in kinship care. Many children are being removed from their parent's custody due to abuse and neglect, but there is a decline in the amount of available foster homes. There is a need to implement services for children placed with relatives and kinship caregivers. I will also focus on the possibility of a pilot program for kinship caregivers in the state of Ohio to receive similar benefits and services as foster parents.


Poster Presentation
Abstinence-only Focused Teaching versus Comprehensive Sex Education: The Effectiveness of each through a Social Work Perspective
Anna Wuerth Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	Students, usually beginning in middle school, are taught some form of sex education. The two tracts, abstinence-only and comprehensive sex education, vary drastically in the approaches they take to teaching children about what they should and should not do. This presentation will display data that shows which form of physco-educational methods are most effective in terms of preventing pregnancy and STD/HIV infection. In addition, using the generalist social work practice values, the argument for comprehensive sex education will be made and supported by information which shows that comprehensive programs more significantly impact the adolesent popultion than most abstinence-only programs do.


Poster Presentation
Addison's Disease and Cushing's Disease: How Cortisol Levels Affect You.
Heather Schwab Kristen Aiken Mentor :Kerry L. Cheesman, Professor Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Addisons Disease and Cushings Disease are scientific opposites. Addisons is a failure to secrete cortisol and Cushings secretes excess cortisol. Cortisol belongs to a class of hormones called glucocorticoids and is normally produced by the adrenal glands. It helps the body respond to stress, helps balance the effects of insulin and helps regulate metabolism. Some symptoms of Addisons Disease are: fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, low blood pressure (causing dizziness or fainting), and darkening of the skin. Some symptoms of Cushings Disease are: obesity (especially in children), fragile and thin skin, purplish pink stretch marks, weakened bones, fatigue, weak muscles, high blood pressure and blood sugar, irritability, anxiety, depression, excess hair growth and irregular menstruation in women and decreased fertility and sexual desire in men. Hormones taken as tablets orally can treat Addisons Disease. Treatment for Cushings Disease depends upon the severity. Hormone suppression through oral tablets can be an option unless too severe and then surgery or radiation therapy may be other options.


Poster Presentation
Anterior Compartment Syndrome
Amanda M. Peedin Mentor :Bonnie Goodwin, Director, Athletic Training Ed. Program Health and Sport Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Compartment syndrome is caused by compressional restrictions of nerves and blood vessels in the muscle compartments. It can occur in any muscle compartment but most often occurs in the lower leg compartments. The restrictions of the nerves and blood vessels causes impaired blood flow. When the blood flow is impaired muscle and nerve damage can occur. If not diagnosed before 12-24 hours of compression, compartment syndrome can potentially cause permanent nerve injury and loss of muscle function. To treat this syndrome a fasciotomy or compartment release is most often performed as the treatment of choice. The recovery time of the surgery can be from 10 to 14 days and in some cases longer. This presentation discusses the etiology of compartment syndrome of the anterior compartment, the compartment release surgical technique, the short-term and long-term therapeutic objectives, the rehabilitation protocol used, and the potential set-backs that might occur during rehabilitation.


Poster Presentation
Baclofen Infusion Pump
Jessica L. Kratzer Mentor :Dr. Sharon Stout-Shafer	ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the current literature related to use of a Baclofen pump and define the best nursing implications. Baclofen is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant that decreases spasticity, especially in cases of Multiple Sclerosis, Traumatic Brain Injury, Spinal Cord Injury, and Cerebral Palsy. Baclofen is given intrathecally on a trial basis, to see how well the patients body tolerates the drug. Risks such as equipment malfunction, overdose, and withdraw, can manifest with symptoms of drowsiness to respiratory depression and seizure activity. Many clients will require an inpatient rehabilitation period following the pump implantation. Current data suggest there is a positive correlation between use of the Baclofen Infusion Pump and a decrease in spasticity (thus an increased quality of life). Caregivers agree that the benefits of the pump outweigh the associated risks.


Poster Presentation
Benefits and Risks of Oral Contraceptives
Sarah J. Yonkey Jennifer Sachire Mentor :Kerry L. Cheesman, Professor Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Health care workers prescribe millions of oral contraceptives to women each year. They can be prescribed for several reasons other than to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation. For instance, they can reverse the effects of hyperandrogenic disorders and help to alleviated the symptoms of irregular menstruation. Oral contraceptives make use of hormones to accomplish thses ends. These hormones are used in several different ways in the various types of birth control pills in order to suit the many women that rely on them. Unfortunately, few women adequately understand the various types, including their benefits and risks. Four distinct oral contraceptives are Ortho tri-cyclen, Ortho tri-cyclen Lo, Ortho micronor, and the newest form, Seasonale. Ortho tri-cyclen, Ortho tri-cyclen Lo and Seasonale are all combined contraceptives, making use of estrogen and progestrin, whereas Ortho micronor contains pregestrin only. Ortho tri-cyclen Lo is identical to Ortho tri-cyclen except it is a lower dosage of estrogen. Seasonale, the first FDA-approved extended cycle birth control pill, is similar as well. Each of the four oral contraceptives has particular benefits and risks that must be understood prior to deciding which form is most appropriate for each individual woman.


Poster Presentation
Best Nursing Practices for Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Crystal Wilson Mentor :Sharon Stout-Shaffer, Associate Professor; Director of Trad. Undergraduate Program NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	Since the late 1990's, research on MMR vaccination as an environmental cause of Autism has been inconclusive. Reported cases of autism have risen since 1979, which is around the time that the MMR vaccination started. Also, children with the regressive form of autism tend to start regressing around the time the MMR vaccination is given. Methods used for this literature review was CINAL and Proquest database search. This paper reviews the pathophysiology and treatment of autism and the current scientific evidence regarding MMR vaccine as a cause of autism. Best practice nursing implications for care of autistic children and their families are reviewed.


Poster Presentation
Breastfeeding Peer Support Project
Diana Elizabeth de la Mer Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	From time immemorial until the twentieth century, human infants thrived and survived on mother's milk. However, today only 29% of all U.S. infants are still being breastfed by six months of age. For nearly eleven years, the author has interacted with pregnant and new mothers. This paper is the culmination of her university research that theorizes that creating a daily in-home peer support system for at least the first week following the birth of the infant, will greatly increase the success of exclusively breastfeeding for the first six months. The author will present her findings and proposal to the Columbus Health Department to initiate a pilot study using the information documented in this report.


Poster Presentation
Calcaneal Osteotomy with Lateral Column Lengthening
Laura Sell Mentor :Bonnie Goodwin, Director, Athletic Training Ed. Program Health and Sport Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Adult-acquired flat foot (pes planus) due to posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is a well-recognized problem. In the acquired pes planus foot the talar head displaces medially, stretching the tibialis posterior tendon, which provides dynamic support for the medial longitudinal arch. This progressive condition may lead to an excessive strain on the plantar and medial structures of the foot, resulting in medial longitudinal arch depression and elongation, hindfoot valgus, forefoot abduction, a shortened lateral column, and functional loss of the tibialis posterior muscle. Clinical diagnosis of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is based upon inspection, palpation, testing of function, and radiographs. There are three stages of posterior tibialis tendon insufficiency: stage I presents as acute tenosynovitis present for two to three months, stage II presents as a partial tear of the tendon without a fixed deformity, and stage III presents as a complete tear with apparent deformity. Surgical intervention is recommended for stage II dysfunction. Calcaneal osteotomy with lateral column lengthening is one technique used to treat this pathology. This surgical procedure, rehabilitation protocol, and potential setbacks that may occur during rehabilitation will be discussed, including short and long-term therapeutic objectives.


Poster Presentation
Cardiac Pacemakers: What do Nurses Need to Know for Safe Care?
Jessica Sanders Mentor :Deborah Janssen, Adjunct NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	Cardiac Pacemakers: What do nurses need to know for safe care? Abstract: Cardiac pacing is a state of the art technology. In the United States alone, over 200,000 cardiac pacemakers are implanted annually, at a cost of $2 billon. These pacemakers are implanted temporarily for patients that have sick sinus rhythm, heart blocks, drug-refactory dysrhytmias, and cardiovascular surgery. They are also used permanently, and this article is a literature review of permanent pacemakers. It is important for nurses to understand the different types of pacemakers, where they are, how they work and are placed, indications of when a patient needs a pacemaker, understanding the signs of symptoms of complications for pacemakers and knowing what nursing interventions are to prevent these complications are discussed. Best nursing practices are identified and include education guidelines for families and patients who have pacemakers, importance of having a pacemaker as well as what to watch for in case of pacemaker complications and failure.


Poster Presentation
Charles Loring Brace and Jane Addams
Dianna Crockett Mentor :Renda A. Ross, Assistant Professor Social Work School for Education, Professional Studies and Social Work	This study helps the reader understand two individuals who had an impact on the fields of child welfare and social work, they were Charles Loring Brace and Jane Addams. Both of these individuals were instrumental in putting the needs of children foremost in their own lives and in the lives of others. This study also examines TANF, ASFA and MEPA-IPE and what effects if any, they had on child welfare. Lastly, with the rising demand on child welfare, educators are called on to continue their influence on increasing educational opportunities for those who work in the field of child welfare, also there is a call out for all workers of social services to become more politically active in order to better serve their clients.


Poster Presentation
Chemically Induced Alterations in Reproductive Development
Megan Cordle Doug Closser Sarah Ellinger Mentor :Kerry L. Cheesman, Professor Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	In this study, chemically induced alterations in the reproductive development of birds and mammals were investigated. Alterations in reproductive development of wildlife and humans may be linked to the use of synthetic chemicals in the surrounding environment. The relationships of man-made chemicals such as DDT and PCBs to the alterations found in development have been associated with disruption of hormones and possible derail-ment of sexual development. Studies from various locations throughout the United States were collected and analyzed. From those studies, the chemical compounds that affect estrogen and testosterone and their role in reproductive development were discovered and used for this study.


Poster Presentation
Comfort Care in Clients with Multiple Sclerosis
Joel Ruetty Mentor :Deborah Janssen, Adjunct NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, and often disabling disease of the central nervous system. The cause of MS remains unknown and there is no cure. A review of the literature has revealed symptom management as the key to nursing care of clients with MS. There are many symptoms involved in MS that the nurse should be aware of and able to treat. The most problematic of these are fatigue, spasticity, urinary and bowel problems, and problems with speaking and swallowing. The purpose of the paper is to identify the best nursing practices that provide adequate control of these symptoms and can result in maximal function, help to prevent injury, restore a sense of control, and promote an acceptable quality of life for the patients themselves.


Poster Presentation
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Kirk Whetstone Jessica Coleman Mentor :Kerry L. Cheesman, Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disease that affects the secretion of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex. It is caused by a recessive mutation that leads to incompetence of the 21-hydroxylase enzyme in the adrenal gland. Lack of this enzyme disrupts two hormone synthesis pathways that normally lead to formation of either aldosterone or cortisol. Aldosterone is involved in salt retention, while cortisol is involved in mobilizing energy during stress responses. In CAH, the body attempts to notify the adrenal gland of the shortage involving aldosterone and cortisol. However, chemical messengers from the brain end up hyper stimulating the unresponsive adrenal gland. The most visible effects of this enzyme deficiency are changes in androgens. Androgens are male sex hormones that are responsible for normal growth patterns and sexual characteristics. Steroid precursors accumulating in the adrenal cortex lead to an increased production of androgen before birth. This excess androgen can result in masculinization of the genitalia in females and disproportionate genital growth in males. The abundance of androgen will also cause early appearance of secondary sexual features in both genders. High levels of androgen can also stimulate inappropriate rapid growth during early years of development. CAH is treatable with hormone replacement therapy and is now included in the battery of blood tests each infant receives after birth.


Poster Presentation
Correcting Muscle Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy Patients
Brooke Stoner Mentor :Bonnie Goodwin, Director, Athletic Training Ed. Program Health and Sport Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Spasticity, one of the major complications of cerebral palsy, is an increase in muscle tone or muscle tension. Some of the symptoms may include pain at night, cramping and spasms of the affected extremity or back, fatigue, and muscle stiffness. The muscle tightness in these children has been known to cause the child to be short by not allowing the bones to grow beneath the muscle. Selective dorsal rhizotomy is just one of several procedures used to help correct muscle spasticity in children with increased muscle tension. This is a permanent neurological procedure that reduces spasticity caused by abnormal signals from the sensory nerve roots. Rehabilitation includes a three to six month extensive program that includes re-learning how to walk, and perform activities of daily living, such as sitting and standing.


Poster Presentation
Diabetes: The Diseases Behind the Myth
Luke D. Rothermel Laura Bailey Mentor :Kerry L. Cheesman, Professor Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	"Diabetes" is becoming a major health issue around the world today. Many people don't realize that Diabetes involves two distinct endocrinological diseases that manifest themselves with similar symptoms. Unfortunately, with Diabetes Mellitus being more prominent, Diabetes Insipidus is being overshadowed. Initially, Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus were named based on their effects on the body, but research has found that those effects are brought about by two distinct processes. This presentation will define both types of Diabetes Mellitus, highlighting the differences in the pathology and eliminating the stigma of Juvenille vs. Adult-onset. Also, Diabetes Mellitus will be contrasted with Diabetes Insipidus to explain why these two diseases share the same name without sharing biological pathways.


Poster Presentation
Domestic Violence Conviction Rates
Lois L. Sinicropi Patrina Lee Erika L. Horton Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior where one person uses power and control to manipulate, coerce, and isolate another person. Domestic violence includes physical abuse, but can also include threats and intimidation, financial control, belittling and degrading comments, or sexual abuse. Domestic violence was considered a 'family matter' before the 1970's, where police and the court systems often did not get involved. Since then, domestic violence advocates have lobbied to recognize domstic violence as a criminal offense. Mandatory arrests and no-drop prosecution policies have arouse out of this advocacy. Such policies have been implemented in police departments and the criminal court systems across the United States, in particular, Ohio. Mandatory arrest policies require police to arrest the batterer when probable cause or an assault has occurred. No-drop prosecution then removes the burden from the victim and requires the prosecutor's office to pursue the assault with or without the victim's testimony. This presentation will address the rates of conviction before and after the implementation of mandatory arrests and no-drop prosecution and the rates of recidivism after such policies.


Poster Presentation
Evidence Based Practice for Nursing Implications to Prevent Infection in Immunocompromised Cancer Patients within the Hospital Setting
Megan Buchholtz Mentor :Deborah Janssen, Adjunct Professor SON - Faculty School of Nursing	There is an estimated 1.4 million new cancer cases in the United States for 2005. Chemotherapy, a standard treatment for cancer, is associated with numerous side effects, which typically include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and a compromised immune system. Immunosuppression causes individuals to be more susceptible to infections. There are approximately 2 million hospital-associated infections each year in the United States. In 2002, there were 1.2 million cancer patients discharged from hospitals with an average length of stay of 7.1 days. The purpose of this research analysis was to investigate the nursing implications to prevent infection in immunocompromised cancer patients within the hospital setting.


Poster Presentation
Fragile Children: A Review of Osteomalacia
Nic Fisher Lauren Hovan Mentor s :Nancy Swails, Department Chair Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences Kerry Cheesman	Adequate Calcium uptake is of great importance in the prevention of osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Several congenital defects such as hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and Cushing's syndrome can contribute to the onset of osteoporosis or osteomalacia by altering levels of certain bone growth regulating hormones. Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by an abnormally increased release of parathyroid hormone, which is a chemical messenger that signals the breakdown of bone by increasing osteoclastic activity thus making bones more brittle. Osteomalacia found in children, is similar to osteoporosis with the exception that instead of calcium being removed from bones, it was never there to begin with. This condition, also referred to as Rickets, most commomly results from a lack of vitamin D synthesis due to a low exposure to sunlight as a child. Vitamin D is responsible for the absorbtion of calcium and the formation of calcitonin, another chemical which is crucial to the mineralization of bone.


Poster Presentation
Heavy Metal Content of Soil at Wolfe Park
Chad Rower Mentor :	Cadmium, lead, and zinc are heavy metals that pose a significant health risk. Lead poising can cause acquired sideroblastic anemia. This type of anemia causes microcytosis, hypochromasia and numerous ringed sideroblast in bone marrow. Cadmium toxicity affects the liver and kidney. Cadmium and lead poisoning are treated with chelating agents such as Ca-EDTA. Soil and ground water contamination by these heavy metals is one source of exposure. Alum creek at Wolfe Park is a local site that has elevated levels of cadmium, lead, and zinc. Atomic absorption spectroscopy results show the soil in the park has elevated levels of cadmium, lead, and zinc (14.6 g/g, 891 mg/g, >80 mg/g respectively). Phosphate induced metal stabilizers (PIMS) using Apatite II stabilizes a wide range of metals including Pb, Cd, Zn, U, Cu, and Al. Binding to phosphate minerals stabilizes the metal ions. The efficiency comes from the extremely low solubility of products (Ksp) of resultant metal apatite, for example pyromorphite Ksp = 10-80. The source of calcium phosphate for apatite II is a byproduct of the commercial fishing industry. The cost for the redemption of soil is approximately $20-$30 yd3. Since Apatite II is used for the stabilization of toxic metals, is made from a renewable resource, and is cost effective it conforms to the principles of green chemistry.


Poster Presentation
Hip Replacement Surgery
Rachael Groth Mentor :Bonnie Goodwin, Director, Athletic Training Ed. Program Health and Sport Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	This presentation will show different procedures used in hip replacement surgeries, as well as factors to consider when planning for such a surgery. Prior to having a hip replacement surgery, it is imperative to have strength, range of motion and proprioception equal to, or as close as possible to the uninjured hip. Techniques which can be used to regain strength, range of motion, and proprioception both before and after the time of surgery will all be discussed in this presentation. Different procedures and their outcomes will also be discussed. This presentation will serve to show the most effective ways to plan for a surgery, which procedure will most benefit the patient, and the quickest route to recovery.


Poster Presentation
Homeless Young Adults and their Need for Resources
Kendra J. Roos Christy Brock Nancy Sutton Mentor :Renda A. Ross, Assistant Professor Social Work School for Education, Professional Studies and Social Work	Homelessness is an increasing problem for young adults (ages 18-24 specifically), as they are considered legal adults. The majority of this population has either aged out of state custody or has been forced out of their familys residence. This research will discuss the resources available to this population in the Greater Columbus area. Agencies and other available resources will be analyzed through interviews, events, and research in an effort to show that there is a lack of support for these young adults. Through this research there are hopes to advocate for more awareness of the issue so that more agencies will set up safety nets for this growing population.


Poster Presentation
Humeral Fractures with Wire Fixation
Chris Shenberger Mentor :Bonnie Goodwin, Director, Athletic Training Ed. Program Health and Sport Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Humeral Fractures occur most often in the proximal third, and are commonly found in patients over the age of 65 years old. For the most part they are treated conservatively, but in cases where the fracture is displaced operative treatment may be required. There are a variety of techniques that can be performed, but this presentation will be focusing on techniques of osteosynthesis involving fixation with helix wires. Results of full recovery postoperatively vary in many studies, some studies showing up to 47% of patients coming back for a follow up with a nonunion at the fracture site, while other studies have shown as little as 15% of patients with a nonunion. Although the technique is relatively new, most doctors feel that with some research the technique will become more reliable and easier to perform. By doctors choosing to perform this method of operation, it allows for rehabilitation to begin the day after surgery. This is very important in preventing stiffness and decreased range of motion in the shoulder.


Poster Presentation
I Feel Terrible.....I Think I need a Drink
Keri L. Stillion Ramona Wilkerson Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	What came first? The chicken or the egg? - These questions have been asked numerous times by professionals in both mental health and chemical dependency fields. It has been documented for years that mental illness and substance abuse/dependency are common co-occurring disorders. But, did one come first or cause the other, or what? In this review, the nature of the relationship between mental health and substance abuse/dependence disorders will be examined, along with the impact one disorder has on the other. Additionally, the presentation will consider causal and predictive variables. Each author will bring a different interpretation of the subject, using field placement experiences.


Poster Presentation
Juvenile Diversion: Does it really work?
Stephanie Diaz Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	Delaware County lacked a formalized Diversion Program until July of 2003 and for this reason, many youth were not being served in the most effective manner. The recidivism rates for first-time, non-violent offenders reflected this absence of comprehensive diversion services. If the Court fails to provide comprehensive intervention with each youth, the door may be left ajar for future criminal behavior, school truancy, or substance abuse. The primary goal of the Delaware County Juvenile Diversion Program is to prevent first-time misdemeanor and status offenders from spending time in detention or on probation. The secondary goal of this program is to prevent first-time misdemeanor and status offenders from committing a second offense. This paper will explore these goals and how the program has accomplished these goals in a relatively short period of time.


Poster Presentation
Kinship Care and the New Family Structure: Grandparents raising their grandchildren.
Ramona A. Wilkerson Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	In the climate of the world today, children are having to be taken out of their homes and are being placed outside of the family. The concern with this is then with whom is the child(ren) being placed. The well being of children has been an important issue for years. There are situations when it is in the best interest of the child(ren) to place them in the care of someone other than the biological parent(s). The structure of the family unit is undergoing transformations all of the time. Kinship care is something that is happening more and more, with families taking the responsibility of rearing the children of their relatives rather than letting the child(ren) be placed in foster care. Specifically grandparents raising their grandchildren is on the rise, this paper will explore the phenomena in depth, using the Head Start experience of the author as a source.


Poster Presentation
Maternal Nutrition and Prenatal Development
Carrie Shankland Mentor :Sharon Stout-Shaffer, Associate Professor; Director of Trad. Undergraduate Program NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	This paper presents a review of current research related to maternal nutrition and outlines best nursing practice. Maternal nutrition is a key determinant of prenatal development, and is correlated with a broad range of development from prematurity and birth defects to early cognitive development. In the United States 1 in 1000 babies are born each year with neural tube defects, and 5000 babies are born each year with fetal alcohol syndrome. Both conditions are tremendously influenced by the pregnant womans diet. Women of childbearing age must understand the consequences of inadequate folate intake, alcohol consumption, and an imbalanced diet in relation to the critical period of prenatal development. In addition, pregnant women need to be educated about the recommended daily intake of nutrients needed for the best possible pregnancy outcome and infant development.


Poster Presentation
Methadone Maintenance
Lynn Niese Mentor :Cheryl Van Deusan	Drug use with pregnancy is a complex medical issue. As drug use rises worldwide, about 10% of pregnancies involve drug addictions. Methadone is the most common drug prescribed to ensure stability in mothers who are opiate dependent. Methadone may help stabilize the mother and improve perinatal care, but may affect the unborn child. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is seen in 60-90% of the pregnancies maintained on methadone. Clinical symptoms of NAS include irritability, lability of mood swings in the infant, hypertonicity, tachycardia, tachypnea, and tremors. NAS symptoms are rated on a scale and these scores can vary depending on the type of scale used. Common scales are qualitative and range from 1 to a certain number, the higher the number the more severe NAS is. If supportive measurements can not reduce symptoms, then pharmacological methods are used, most commonly by oral methadone or oral morphine. Despite past beliefs, new research encourages breastfeeding with mothers using methadone.


Poster Presentation
Microbicides and Impoverished Women of Color
Donna Harris Jossette Okereke Mentor s :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	This paper will discuss HIV/STD Prevention tool, microbicide, and how it is of interest to impoverished women of color. According to The Rockefeller Foundation, Mobilization for Microbicides, such products have been studied through quantitative and qualitative research and participatory trials. These products are being developed to assess, decrease, and one day hopefully eradicate STDs and HIV/AIDS for impoverished women of color. A microbicide is any substance that can substantially reduce the transmission of sexually transmitted disease including HIV/AIDS when applied either in the vagina or the rectum. However, this report is designed to draw particular attention to a specific, high-risk segment of women, that is women of color. These women are affected adversely by poor economic conditions, leading to poverty, low self-esteem and a sense of limited personal power (International Partnership for Microbicides). One place to unravel this gender oppression is to provide these particular women with tools to help care for their own body.


Poster Presentation
Mutations in the Phosphate Binding Subsite of D. Vulgaris Flavodoxin
Scott Couden Matt Danielson Mentor :Tracey A. Murray, Assitant Professor Chemistry College of Arts & Sciences	Enzymes are proteins that catalyze specific chemical reactions, but are not consumed in the process. One class of enzymes is the oxidoreductases, which catalyze the transfer of electrons through the transfer of hydride (H-) or hydrogen (H+) atoms. Flavoproteins are oxidoreductases that require riboflavin-based cofactors for catalysis. Flavodoxins are a type of flavoproteins, small proteins found in bacteria, red, and blue-green alga. D. vulgaris flavodoxin requires the coenzyme Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN) to carry out its specific reactions. Flavodoxins got their name because they substitute for ferrodoxins when bacteria or alga are grown in low iron conditions. In this research, site-directed mutagenesis is used with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to create the mutations. Asparagine 14 is substituted with histidine, glutamine, lysine, aspartate, and glutamate by using a degenerate oligonucleotide to introduce all five mutations. Each specific mutation should cause different binding and folding characteristics at the phosphate binding site based on the differences in structure of the specific amino acids.


Poster Presentation
Nursing Care in Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Stephanie Eden Mentor :Deborah Janssen, Adjunct NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	Ventilator-associated pneumonia has become a common condition in critically ill patients. The incidence of ventilator pneumonia is 10-25 percent with a mortality rate of 10-40 percent. Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurs when bacteria is introduced into the lower respiratory tract. This can occur for a number of reasons including aspiration and colonization of bacteria in oropharyngeal passageway. The best plan of care is to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia before it occurs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a synthesis of current literature with a focus on current preventative measures for ventilator-associated pneumonia and develop the best nursing interventions for this patient population.


Poster Presentation
Osteoporosis: The Bone Thief
Melissa Frasure Sarah Miller Danielle Schneider Mentor :Kerry L. Cheesman, Professor Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Osteoporosis is a weakening of the bone due to the depletion of bone mass. The main cause of this depletion is the lack of calcium uptake. It is four times more likely to occur in postmenopausal women than men and is the leading cause of hip, spine, and wrist fractures. Currently forty-four million Americans age fifty and older are afflicted with this disease. Most of the calcium that our body absorbs comes from green vegetables and milk products. However, after the age of thirty-five calcium retention begins to diminish. Calcium in the blood stream is controlled by the parathyroid hormone that is released from the parathyroid glands. When levels of calcium become low osteoclasts break down bones to release calcium into the blood. In addition, low levels of estrogen cause a decrease in the amount of bone growth. This deficiency in estrogen is primarily found in postmenopausal women. Estrogen replacement therapy is one form of treatment. However estrogen therapy has been linked to female reproductive malignancies. The more popular and current forms of treatment involve Actonelﾮ, Fosamaxﾮ, and Evistaﾮ. This disease is steadily increasing in The United and States and is expected to afflict more than sixty-one million people by the year 2020.


Poster Presentation
PCL Reconstruction and Rehabilitation
Jennifer Stephens Mentor :Bonnie Goodwin, Director, Athletic Training Ed. Program Health and Sport Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is located in the intra-articular capsule of the knee joint. The PCLs origin is on the posterior aspect of the proximal tibia and its insertion is located on the lateral aspect of the femoral condyle. The PCLs primary function is to prevent posterior translation of the tibia and its secondary function is to prevent external rotation. The mechanism of injury for a torn PCL is usually a direct blow to the proximal tibia with the foot in plantarflexion or with knee hyperextension. The treatment of the PCL is rather controversial in whether one should be surgically repaired and then rehabilitated or whether one should just go through rehabilitation. PCL injuries have three grades; grade one being the least amount of tibial translation and grade three being the most tibial translation. Most seem to agree that grade one and two should be rehabilitated while grade three should be repaired surgically. As more is being learned about the PCL more doctors are looking towards surgical repair due to early joint degeneration caused by changes in kinematics.


Poster Presentation
Pediatric Burn Treatments
Megan E. Stark Mentor :Sharon Stout-Shaffer, Associate Professor; Director of Trad. Undergraduate Program NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	Pediatric Burn Treatments Megan E. Stark Abstract: Burns are the third leading cause of death among children and occur most frequently in children under the age of 5. When a child has been effected by a burn, successful treatments are essential for recovery. Severe burns can be life threatening and immediate treatment is essential. Treatment for second and third degree burns is complex and requires immediate fluid resuscitation, pain control, dermal replacement through grafting or substitution, nutritional therapy, and family coping. Assessment of the total burn surface areas is crucial in developing a treatment plan to provide adequate care. This paper reviews current research focused on successful treatment options for pediatric burn patients.


Poster Presentation
Pediatric Heart Transplantation
Kristy Enderlen Mentor :Sharon Stout-Shaffer, Associate Professor; Director of Trad. Undergraduate Program NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	In 1984, the first heart transplantation was performed on a newborn and since then, pediatric heart transplantation has had advances significantly. A clinical review of recent research was conducted to determine best practice outcomes of pediatric heart transplantation. Heart transplantation is indicated for cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, acquired heart disease and retransplantation. This poster presentation reviews the best nursing care practices including the disease processes, the transplant process, pre-surgical implications, complications, immunosuppression, signs of rejection, nursing care, and the psychosocial aspects involved with heart transplantation.


Poster Presentation
Postpartum Depression in Mothers with Sequential Births
Heather DuPlessis Mentor :Deborah Janssen, Adjunct NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	Abstract: Postpartum depression in mothers with sequential births is a problem that is not heavily researched. Through a review of current literature, a few studies identified that postpartum depression increases a womens risk for later episodes of depression. Current Practice in diagnosing, treating and nursing interventions for postpartum depression in prim Para and mothers with sequential births appears to be the same. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Zung's self-rating depression scale (ZSDS) are two of the primary diagnosing tests used. Treatment includes psychotropic medication, nursing teaching, psychotherapy, and support groups. The focus of the paper is to identify nursing best practice interventions used to decrease the severity and to possibly prevent postpartum blues from evolving into postpartum depression.


Poster Presentation
Reciprocal perceptions within the communities: Somalis and African Americans
Erika Horton Mentor s :Renda A. Ross, Assistant Professor Social Work School for Education, Professional Studies and Social Work	The literature has noted the perception that Somalis and African Americans can tend to have a strong opposition to one another (www.lettersfromafrica.org ). Understanding this phenomenon is important in targeting negative dynamics created by misperceptions between people who often live within the same community. This project will involve a frank and open discussion with local Somalis within their own communities in an effort to learn perceptions. Additionally, local African Americans will be interviewed. Information will be grouped in terms of shared and differing perceptions. The author will construct a model to illustrate a process whereby misinformation aids ongoing misperceptions within the community. A presentation will be proposed to identify commonalities, celebrate unique cultural differences, and facilitate community building for the two groups to enable celebration of diversity.


Poster Presentation
Same-sex Unions, Christian "Family Values" and the Government: The Myths and The Truths
Sara Stayancho Joe Bowman Mentor :Renda A. Ross, Assistant Professor Social Work School for Education, Professional Studies and Social Work	In recent years the idea of same sex unions has become a major player in the political arena. Bipartisan support for President Clintons Defense of Marriage Act in 1996, (Lind 2004: 31, 4) was the first tangible evidence of a trend to discriminate against same sex unions. More recently the Republican Party used this issue to spur more conservative voters to the polls. In addition, there has been a recent wave of state constitutional amendments (ADF Alliance Alert, 2004). One must stop and think why the general public fears same sex unions so much that they strive to make it lawful to discriminate against nontraditional couples. Through this project we reveal some of the myths associated with same sex unions and ask some of our own questions about the government's stance on this issue. We have compiled research from scholarly sources as well as from some private organizations and government documents in order to have a complete understanding of each side of the issue, for and against same sex unions. Through our search of the literature we have found that strong Christian beliefs and the idea of family values are at the root of many of the myths related to the union of two men or two women. With this project we dare to ask the hard questions: Whose family? and Whose values?


Poster Presentation
Sexual Chemistry: Pheromones for the Romantically Challenged
Holleh Moheimani Yelena Glimcher David Onyango Mentor :Kerry L. Cheesman, Professor Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	We believe we fall in love with our heartsor, more likely, our heads. However, it appears that our sense of smell has effects on our behavior and physiological functions that most of us never imagined. The close association between smells, memory, and emotions might have a neuroanatomical explanation. Biochemical components called pheromones were first defined in 1959 as chemical substances secreted by animals into the environment to trigger reproductive behavioral response from a recipient of the same species. These reactions can manifest themselves in a variety of different ways: some pheromones modulate sexual activity, some affect aggression, some play roles in territory marking, and other pheromones have similarly diverse effects on the target animal. Pheromones have been demonstrated in a very large number of organisms ranging from amoebas to fish to mammals, including primates. However, whether or not human olfactory signals exist has been a question of much debate and with few definite conclusions. Perhaps there are mechanisms of phermonal communication between individual people; its just that their role has been obscured and distorted by several thousand years of human culture. In the face of such complexity and subtlety, an effective approach might begin by observing the human behavioral responses that take place and the biological machinery necessary for phermonal communication.


Poster Presentation
Social Work Values: Through the Eyes of Columbus
Colleen Kinney Wendy Foraker Michele Martin Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	Social work core values and ethics are at the heart of the professions mission. The core values that are involved in the social work profession include: service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, and competence. This presentation gathers the experiences of three senior social work majors who are interning at various agencies in the Columbus area. Wendy works at Heritage Day Health Centers, which is an adult day care center that provides services to keep elderly clients active and independent, as well as, activities to allow clients to have an active social life. Michele works at the Mount Carmel Medical Center OB Clinic, which serves pregnant woman in the community who don not have adequate health insurance. Colleen works at Friends of the Homeless, two separate homeless shelters that assist and house homeless men and women of Franklin County. Each student will demonstrate the core social work values as they relate to their internship and any ethical dilemmas they have faced that relate to these values.


Poster Presentation
Social Work with Children
Rebecca Wade Amanda Mitchell Megan Montel Abby Steinmetz Rauchelle Allison Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	During senior field palcement, five soical work students chose to cmplete their field experience at various agencies around the community that focus on the needs of children from birth through adolescence. The students will be presenting a poster founded in social work practice theory to demonstrate the diversity of their experiences and to demontrate the professional effors being made by social workers in Columbus, Ohio to aid the development of our youth. The students will share their experiences from their placements at the following agencies: Barrett Middle School, Franklin County Children Services, Hannah Neil Center, Early Childhood Resource etwork, and the Rosemont Center.


Poster Presentation
T98H Mutation in D. vulgaris Flavodoxin
Hollie Flick Masako Yoshida Mentor :Tracey A. Murray, Assitant Professor Chemistry College of Arts & Sciences	T98H Mutation in D. vulgaris Flavodoxin Hollie Flick and Masakoy Yoshida Department of Chemistry Flavoproteins are a class of enzymes that catalyze redox processes, and have important biological functions such as detoxification and DNA repair. Flavodoxins are small bacterial flavoproteins that bind flavin mononucleotides (FMN). They catalyze reactions important for many metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis and the oxidation of pyruvate. The structure of flavodoxins consist of 5 parallel B-sheets and 4 a-helicies. The FMN binds at one end of the protein in three of its loops. It is known that the 60s and 90s loops of D. vulgaris flavodoxin creates a hydrophobic binding site for the isoalloxazine ring of the FMN. A site-directed mutation in this ring-binding site is the focus of this project. We will be studying whether tyrosine 98 plays a central role in the binding between FMN and flavodoxin. Tyrosine 98 will be replaced by histidine using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based site-directed mutagenesis. This mutation is a fairly conservative mutation, which we predict will not significantly affect the binding of FMN.


Poster Presentation
The American Nurses Association's Magnet Recognition Program: It's Impact Upon Allied Health
Janet Rhoades Mentor :Rachael Richter-Hauk, Assistant Professor Liberal and Professional Studies College of Arts & Sciences	Increasing costs continue to drive health care reorganization causing the stability of the health care workforce to continue to be of critical importance. Heavy competitive pressures compel providers to offer top-quality patient care with the highest degree of efficiency. One result of this environment is more overlapping of health care service provision among health care providers: physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals work closely together to provide the spectrum of health care services that are in demand. The review of the literature indicates that a shortage of health care workers exists and is expected to continue in the future. The American Nurses Association's Magnet Recognition Program is quickly becoming recognized as a potentially strong, effective intervention for nursing to address recruitment and retention problems in the hospital and nursing home work environments. Therefore, what effects would the Magnet Recognition Program have upon allied health professionals? My study is to identify and measure the impact of the Magnet Accreditation Program upon the allied health professionals in the hospital health care delivery system, focusing upon laboratory, nutrition, pastoral care, pharmacy, radiology, rehabilitation (physical), respiratory therapy, and social services.


Poster Presentation
The Broken Heart Club: A Guide to Cardiac Rehabilitation
Maliaka Quick Mentor :Deborah Janssen, Adjunct NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	When treatments in hospitals have been carried out for patients with heart disease, cardiac rehabililtation may be recommended upon discharge. Cardiac rehabilitation is a program to help patients maintain a healthy lilfestyle. Cardiac rehabilitation allows for behavior modification for patients with high risks of secondary problems related to their heart disease. This literature review will examine the goals and recommendations for cardiac rehabililtation, common practices, how cardiac rehabilitaion effects patients, and quality of life for patients with heart disease. This paper will also focus on the affect that cardiac rehabilitation has on the patient's it is designed to help.


Poster Presentation
The Effects of Pre-mortem Intramuscular Injections of the Calcium Chelator EDTA on the onset of Rigor Mortis in Laboratory Rats.
Jennifer Sachire Mentor :Nancy Swails, Department Chair Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Rigor mortis is the contraction of the bodys muscles due to locking cross-bridges of histological components. In laboratory rats, it typically occurs one to six hours after death. The onset time, duration, and intensity of the rigor rely heavily upon the external environment as well as the individuals state of health and physical activity immediately prior to death. Normal functioning involves the overlap of actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments), which induces the shortening of the sarcomere and the contraction of the muscle. The process is initiated by, and dependent upon, the binding of free intracellular calcium ions. This occurs prior to the actions powered by ATP, which once depleted, post-mortem, leads to rigor mortis. The actin and myosin chemical bridges are then locked in position, causing the muscle rigidity characterizing rigor mortis. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that pre-mortem intramuscular injections of the calcium chelator EDTA would bind the calcium, preventing it from initiating the formation of the chemical cross-bridges, and thereby preventing the locked bridges that stiffen the muscle. Ergo, the onset of rigor mortis may be prolonged or prevented altogether.


Poster Presentation
The Fear Factor
Nick Unger Russell Horton Aumend Cunningham Mentor :Kerry L. Cheesman, Professor Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Pheromones by definition are a type of hormone secreted by an organism to influence another organism's behavior or actions. The study of human pheromone's role in everyday social interactions and behaviors has become somewhat of a scientific black box with little or no research conducted in this realm. This study compiles research conducted previously to deteremine the effects of the so-called fear pheromone and other anxiety related pheromones effect on animals and other human's behaviors and actions. Anxiety related pheromones are responsible for various responses from different organisms, usually triggering a form of attack or defensive posture or behavior.The exact human emotional and behavioral responses to these pheromones are generally unknown.


Poster Presentation
The growing Somali population, with its various cultural variations are present in community social service agencies, specifically shelter populations.
Louanne Zipfel Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	Coming to America is a great culture shock to the Bantu population, one of the Somali ethnic tribes. Our culture is very different. This photographic poster presentation will document the Somali Bantu presence and experience in Franklin County shelters, and will be accompanied by background and anecdotal data from the author's experience in her social work internship. A written history of the Bantu culture will also be presented.


Poster Presentation
The Historic and Modern Settlement Houses
Angel Neubauer Mentor :Pam Ellwanger	This poster presentation includes information on the historical development of settlement houses and their role in social work. There is description of the seven settlement houses in Columbus, Ohio and how each is meeting the needs of the community. Concluding is an analysis of how well these institutions fit in the context of the origins of social work and the settlement house genre based on data collected through social work students currently experiencing these agencies.


Poster Presentation
The Kirby Project: Case Study of Paraneoplastic Syndrome with Myoclonus Jerking
Amanda B. Conway Mentor :Bonnie Goodwin, Director, Athletic Training Ed. Program Health and Sport Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Paraneoplastic syndrome occurs in 10-15% of all cancer patients and it is steadily increasing in numbers. It can best be described as the indirect effects of cancer. Some of the effects of this syndrome exist in an estimated 50% of all patients diagnosed with cancer. In this particular case study, the form of PNS is a secretion of autoimmune antibodies that attack the neuromuscular stuctures involved in muscle nerve conduction. This patient has not been diagnosed with cancer but this condition predisposes him to small cell lung carcinoma. Thropugh rehabilitation and drug therapy, he can manage the effects of PNS to improve his quality of life. The theories behing his treatment can be applied to the field of Athletic Training in the rehabilitative aspect. It may also apply to other complicated medical diagnoses in the future.


Poster Presentation
The Role of Insulin Pump Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetes
Karen Siefert Mentor :Sharon Stout-Shaffer, Associate Professor; Director of Trad. Undergraduate Program NURS - Traditional Undergraduate Program School of Nursing	: Insulin pump therapy is an emerging treatment for diabetes mellitus, specifically those with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and implantable insulin pumps have certain advantages and disadvantages over each other as well as over multiple daily injections (MDI). Education and nursing care is very important to the optimal functioning of both CSII and implantable insulin pumps. Research shows that CSII improves HbA1c counts by an average of 0.3% over MDI therapy. Implantable insulin pumps have shown even greater improvements on HbA1c by about 1%. Both CSII and implantable pumps increase freedom and flexibility for diabetics, but these pumps come with certain disadvantages. Costs of both pumps as well as a tendency for insulin to precipitate within the catheter and infusion pump are major downfalls for pump users. In order to limit complications associated with insulin pump therapy, education for nurses and patients is crucial. Neither CSII nor implantable pumps are indicated for all diabetic patients. Therefore the choice of whether to begin insulin pump therapy must be carefully examined.


Poster Presentation
The Role of Nutrition in Geriatric Wound Care
Lynsey Neuhart Mentor :Jill Steuer, Assistant Professor; Adviser CLL Columbus NURS Center for Lifelong Learning	Nutrition is a critical factor in the promotion of health, the prevention of disease and in recovery and rehabilitation from illness or injury. Specifically, chronic wounds, such as leg ulcers and pressure ulcers of geriatric patients in long-term care are very difficult and costly to heal. A review of the literature, provided evidence that there was an increased level of malnourishment in the hospital setting, therefore optimal nutritional wound healing environments were not being provided for patients. Nurses have a vital role in identifying those likely to be nutritionally at risk, and thus helping with the overall incidence of chronic wounds. The nutritional deficits identified were Vitamin C, protein, carbohydrate, calcium and fiber intake. Best nursing practices that ensure an adequate mealtime environment, providing assistance with meals and minimizing restrictive diets for at risk patients can help avoid quick deterioration of nutritional status.


Poster Presentation
Therapeutic Communities within the Prison System: The Contribution of Social Workers
Adele Johson-Moore,Adele Johnson-Moore Mentor :Renda A. Ross, Assistant Professor Social Work School for Education, Professional Studies and Social Work	The need for social workers in the therapeutic communities within the prisions have been well documented (deLeon, 2000. The current review of the poster presentation will focus on treatment outcomes such as relapse and maintenance of soberity as well as the structure and cohesivene of residents within the community. the author will share oberservations about aftercare, the sucess of an alunmi group, maintaining recovery and giving back to the community.


Poster Presentation
Time Budget Analysis of a Group of Captive Spider Monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Nicole Koster Sarah Day Mentor :Nancy Swails, Department Chair Biological Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Data on a small group of captive spider monkeys were collected over a 7 day period at Cur￺, a National Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica. In this study we observed the interactions and activities of six captive spider monkeys. The group consisted of four adult females, a juvenile male, and an infant female. We collected scan and focal samples on the group to create time budgets and analyze their activities. During the study, three of the monkeys were released into the wild. Additional data were collected on these monkeys following their release. Our presentation will provide a preliminary analysis of scan samples gathered during our study.


Poster Presentation
Total Knee Arthroplasty and Rehabilitation
Nicole M. Prorok Mentor :Bonnie Goodwin, Director, Athletic Training Ed. Program Health and Sport Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	In the United States, there are approximately 200,000 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures done each year (Cambridge Medical, 2003). Due to the prevalence of TKA in this country it is imperative that athletic trainers know how to rehabilitate this type of condition. TKA is most prevalent among those over the age of 55 with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in the knee. The rotating platform allows the knee to roll and glide in the natural motion. Rehabilitation is started the day after surgery while the patient remains in the hospital. However, athletic trainers working in the clinical setting should be aware of the proper rehabilitation program to be used with these clients to ensure the best return to their activities of daily living (ADL's) once they have left the hospital.


Poster Presentation
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Lisa Tubbs Mentor :Bonnie Goodwin, Director, Athletic Training Ed. Program Health and Sport Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	The ulnar collateral ligament is found on the medial side of the elbow and contains both an anterior and posterior bundle. The anterior bundle is the primary stabilizer against valgus forces placed upon the elbow. This ligament is most commonly injured by repetitive overhand throwing with poor technique. The surgery to reconstruct this torn ligament is called Tommy Johns Surgery. It is named after a professional baseball pitcher who was among the first to receive this revolutionary procedure in 1975. This surgery is performed by taking 15-18 centimeters of a tendon and using it to replace the torn ulnar collateral ligament. Postoperative rehabilitation for this surgery occurs in three phases. The first phase consists of 7-10 days of immobilization then progresses to range of motion activities as well as shoulder and wrist strengthening. Phase two starts around week 6 and this is where elbow strengthening is introduced. Sports-specific strengthening begins in phase three, which usually starts 4-5 months post operation. For most throwing athletes, return to play occurs 9-12 months after surgery. With all the advances in technology 90% of all athletes with a Tommy John repair return to their pre-injury level of competition or higher.


Poster Presentation
Understanding Perception: Subjectivism vs. Realism
Sarah L. Stith Renee N. Walling Abbey N. DiGiando Mentor :Jody S. Fournier, Associate Professor, Psychology Behavioral Sciences College of Arts & Sciences	Beliefs about the influence of emotion/need (E/N) states on perception among college students was investigated. The issue was whether participants were subjectivists (perception is not a copy of reality) or realists. Participants were presented with multiple-choice questions asking whether needs or emotions influenced perception. Questions were of the type: "Will a cookie look bigger to a person who is hungry, or to a person who is not hungry or will it look the same to both?" In an attempt to examine the strength of these explanations, participants were first presented with one of the following sets of questions (before the items E/N state items): 1) questions designed to get the participant to think scientifically (scientific priming), 2) items designed to get the participant to think metaphorically (metaphor priming), and 3) no priming questions (control). These priming items were presented to potentially influence the nature of the participant's responses to the E/N state items.


Poster Presentation
Women In Numbers Growing Stronger
Cristen King Venus Hollman Mentor :Pamela B. Ellwanger, Associate Professor Social Work College of Arts & Sciences	A program provided by the YWCA, entitled Women In Numbers Growing Stronger, (WINGS) will be explored and analyzed through the field experiences of two social work interns. This program allows women within the community who are affected by mental illnesses and chronic homelessness, an opportunity to rebuild their lives. WINGS provides supportive services to assist the women in meeting their identified individual goals such as maintaining good mental health, sustaining sobriety from alcohol and drug dependency, and in particular, focusing on obtaining stable housing. Through utilization of internship experiences and journals, it will be shown that this program is effective in increasing women's skills that reduce homelessness. Specifically, using a social work perspective, it will be illustrated that this program works by empowering women to work on planned strategies to enhance and restore optimal functioning to their lives.